Executive Summary : | Scientific studies are necessary for stability analysis of dump slope and bench slopes, as per statutory bodies like DGMS, MoEFCC, and IBM. Conventional ground-based geodetic observation techniques, such as leveling, Total station, and Triangulation/Trilateration/Traversing, can measure slope movement in millimeters or sub-millimeters, but they have poor temporal sampling rates, high personnel safety risks, and higher costs per site visit. Motorized robotic total stations can increase the temporal sampling rate. Terrestrial photogrammetry, terrestrial LiDAR, and GBInSAR can address spatial and temporal resolution issues, but spatial coverage remains challenging. Air-borne photogrammetry, LiDAR, and Differential InSAR-based geodetic monitoring techniques can address spatial and temporal resolution but have lower accuracy levels. Space-based geodetic techniques like GNSS offer higher accuracy and temporal sampling rates, but poor spatial sampling remains a significant issue. Space-based geodetic techniques like DInSAR and PSI can provide the best solution by overcoming other geodetic and no-geodetic techniques. However, the temporal sampling rate of these techniques is considered a serious limitation for real-time monitoring of dump slope and bench slope movement to avoid catastrophic slope failure. The application of satellite InSAR interferometry techniques in the present application field will highlight the potential of satellite InSAR for decision-making and predictive ability for catastrophic slope failure. The study's results will pave the way for strategizing further monitoring of severe unstable slopes with real-time data acquisition systems and prepared slope instability severity maps on coalfield levels. |