Executive Summary : | Knowledge of materials is crucial in manufacturing and production processes, as it helps differentiate between natural and synthetic materials. synthetic materials, such as plastics, have excellent mechanical and chemical properties but face weight issues, environmental conditions, high costs, and complex manufacturing processes. Natural materials like wood, with their complex chemical structure, have been used for various purposes since ancient times. Wood is easy to find, low-costing, light, and insulating from heat and electricity. It is strong and renewable, making it suitable for structural materials in building and furniture construction. However, wood has less strength and toughness compared to other materials like steel and alloys. To enhance its properties, pre-treatment with ammonia, steam, heat, and a process called densification can be used. This compressing process determines the hardness and other properties of the product. Modern methods often result in incomplete densification, leading to weakening and expansion under humid conditions. However, some techniques can achieve strength ten times higher than iron and steel. This work aims to implement processes that can achieve these goals, enhancing the quality of wood, expanding sawn timber uses, and gaining the structure and functionality desired by engineers without compromising environmental friendliness. The final product will be a higher strength, toughness, less costly, and lighter in weight. Wood modification will be implemented to enhance the quality of wood, expand sawn timber uses, and achieve the desired structure and functionality without compromising environmental friendliness. |