Executive Summary : | The demand of the people for good and comfortable life lead to the emergence of the smart cities, which focus towards the collection of huge data, integration of various devices linked via the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The primary motive of the smart city is to facilitate the need of the people especially in the urban environment. Fusion of various technologies, data analytics, edge computing, cloud computing, Internet of Things and data mining empower the establishment of smart cities. Deployment of sensors in the field to collect the data serves as backbone in the successful implementation of the different network layout which underlay the construction of the smart cities. An important activity of the sensor is to sense the field parameter as per the need and to transmit it to the destination node in the network, based on which either the alert note will be set or an actuator will be activated. Based on the sensor network various applications can be achieved such as environmental monitoring, traffic maintenance, home automation, health care monitoring and power system monitoring. In the proposed model, the quality of the air is monitored by deploying the sensors in the appropriate places. With the increase in the population, the traffic rate also increased to a greater extent, ultimately resulting in the pollution of the air. In order to safeguard the human from the pollution hazards, the proposed model can be utilized to monitor the quality of the air which can be a part of the smart city formation. The data collected from the environment by the sensors are transmitted to the monitoring unit by means of wireless medium hence, there is likely chance of degradation of the signal due to free space propagation. In order to provide a good signal quality in the monitoring side all along the time, a cooperative network configuration is being suggested in the proposal for implementation of the sensors, to monitor the air quality in the environment. If the signal through the direct path gets attenuated it can be supported by the signal propagating via the relay node. To start with the implementation of the cooperative network, the primitive or the simple protocol is proposed for the network. The Amplify and Forward protocol can be utilized with the cooperative network to provide a good signal strength in the receiver. Above all, for the uninterrupted data collection and transmission towards the sink node, an energy scavenging module can be associated with the sensing module. The required energy for energizing the sensor module can be achieved from the surplus electromagnetic waves available in the free space. The proposed model combines the energy scavenging technique with the amplify and forward cooperative communication network for sensing the air quality and to monitor the pollution level in the air to serve a healthy environment for the human being. |