Executive Summary : | The use of fossil fuels in the iron and steelmaking process significantly contributes to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. With rising energy prices and government commitments to reduce emissions, lowering emission levels and specific energy consumption in this sector is a serious concern. Hydrogen and biomass are potential alternatives to fossil fuels, with hydrogen potentially being used in future metallurgical plants. Renewable biomass, such as wood char or biomass char, can significantly reduce steel's CO2 footprint by 0.69-1.21 t/t crude steel (31-57%). In the future, agroforestry systems could be generated for biomass energy, arresting the rising trend of CO2 and serving as an artificial sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. India, with abundant sunshine and human resources, has the potential for agroforestry technology to suit its conditions. However, no metallurgical applications have been made in India for iron making. The Iron and Steel industry has shifted from BF-BOF to DRI-EAF, which is increasing daily. Biomass-based DRI production could continue the DRI-EAF route of steel making with lower emission levels, making the process green, clean, and sustainable. Composite Pre Reduced pellets, which contain reductants inside a coating, can further reduce CO2 emissions by decreasing the reductant requirement. This work proposes doubled layered composite pellets made with renewable biomass as a reductant, adding an additive to provide strength to the core and an iron ore coating layer. |