Executive Summary : | The global energy consumption is largely attributed to alternative fuels, with transportation accounting for 58% of global energy consumption. However, fossil fuels are being used on a larger scale, despite their efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and increase vehicle efficiency. As India's oil demand and supply gap widen, the scientific community is seeking better alternatives to mitigate petroleum use for fuels and plastics. An action plan aimed at achieving a clean India involves disseminating novel technologies for a "swachh bharat" that converts waste into clean transportation fuels. Biofuels, such as ethanol and Butanol, are being pursued as non-fossil fuel technologies to mitigate emissions and generate value from agricultural and municipal wastes. The primary demand for biofuel is expected to increase by 2035, prompting developing countries to develop research on green biofuels. India aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030, compared to 2005. Bio-alcohols like ethanol and Butanol have been of scientific interest for improving engine performance and reducing lifecycle greenhouse emissions. Blending bioethanol with gasoline for spark-ignition engines (SIEs) has been a significant challenge, but finding other alternatives to blend with gasoline directly or in addition to alcohol is crucial. The proposal aims to design, model, simulate, and develop an open ECU engine for biofuel and gasoline blends. |