Executive Summary : | For the development of biomedical devices, a rational design and fabrication process play a key role. Multiple steps involve in device fabrication and the use of the additive in printing material compromised device performance. Moreover, during device fabrication, functional structures (e.g., electrodes) are co-planar, although these are good electronic conductors but limited ionic property, which limits the efficacy of the electrochemical devices. This proposal demonstrates a scalable, fast, and direct writing approach that provides versatile device design, ease of pattern, and excellent electrochemical properties. The so-called "on-chip printed electrodes" possess excellent electronic and ionic charge carriers. Further, this versatility will be used for the fabrication of electrochemical devices for multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers. Recently a laser-based approach is being used to pattern graphitic carbon [called laser scribed graphene (LSG) or laser-induced graphene (LIG)] directly over commercially available flexible polyimide sheets. Usually, a CO2 laser is used which photothermally transforms sp3 carbon of PI sheets into sp2 carbon i.e., non-conducting to conducting form (10-100 Ω/sq). This technique has the potential to pattern a complex design of electrodes/devices without using the mask and it does not require any pre and post processing steps. The patterned electrodes/devices are porous, getting an interconnected network of graphene and self-supported structure that offers a large specific area favorable for the fabrication and integration of electronic and electrochemical biomedical devices on the same platform. Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females worldwide. Although the technology to diagnose breast cancer is currently available, these traditional methods are known to have complexity, time-consuming, poor sensitivity, and require huge and highly expensive equipment. A person who has been diagnosed with breast cancer they have to go through a triple marker test (ER, PR, and HER-2). This test is very important to early detection and treatment strategies of cancer. LSG based electrode has the potential to fabricate and pattern electrochemical device that can detect multiple markers in one device (multiplex detection). Further, it has potential to overcome the problem of multiple steps involve in device fabrication (which required specialized lab), complexity in device patterns, and scalability. Thus, it is one steps process that greatly reduces the time of device fabrication and reproducibility issue arises due to multiple steps. |